This lesson plan introduces students to the concept of Jewish peoplehood by exploring how the Jewish people have maintained a shared identity across thousands of years despite living in diverse communities around the world. Through historical inquiry and primary sources, students examine the interconnected roles of shared ancestry, history, culture, traditions, language, and enduring ties to Israel. The lesson broadens students’ understanding of Jewish identity beyond religion alone and provides an essential foundation for the study of Jewish history, the Holocaust, Israel, and contemporary antisemitism.